Imran

Out of 161 participants, 114 (70.8%) reported having a needle stick injury at least once during their clinical practice and the frequency of NSIs was significantly higher among nurses (76.7%) as compared to Doctors (50%), Laboratory staff (45.5%) and waste handlers (70.8 %). Conclusion: Study concludes that in absence of the routine collection of accurate data on NSIs, small studies have been useful in highlighting which groups of HCWs are most at risk from NSIs.

Common mass are much afraid of acquiring COVID-19 infection. This fear led to less patient flow in hospitals of diseases other than COVID-19. This study is a valuable addition to the literature as it is the pioneer study to determine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on the OPD services at secondary care hospitals located province wide in Punjab Pakistan.

RESULTS: Mean age of the respondents was 28.26 ± 6.03 years. The age distribution showed that 31.1% respondents belonged to 30-34 years age group followed by 29.7% in 25-29 years, 19.1% in 20-24 years. The utilization of antenatal services was poor in 41.1% (n=155), fair in 24.9% (n=94) and good in 34.0% (n=128) women.

This resulted in 25 articles. Following, which these articles were scrolled down, and all articles with ethical issues encountered with different type of trials, were included. Avoiding the duplication of issues, 13 articles were finally selected for review.